This diagram shows the third and final phase of the Battle of Zama. The Roman cavalry (blue) has successfully beaten the Carthaginian and is about to strike the enemy lines from both flanks. Hannibal’s remaining infantry (primarily veterans) is engaged in a direct clash with the reorganized Roman infantry. The defeat would be so great that the Carthaginians would capitulate signaling the end of the Second Punic War.
Roman Forces (Blue) — Table
| Unit / Feature | Notes |
|---|---|
| Publius Cornelius Scipio | Roman commander |
| Roman Infantry Block | A unified, straight infantry line advancing forward |
| Italian Cavalry | Returning from earlier pursuit to hit Carthage’s rear |
| Numidian Cavalry | Executing a similar inward strike |
| Movements | Indicate the classic double envelopment maneuver |
Carthaginian Forces (Red) — Table
| Unit / Feature | Notes |
|---|---|
| Hannibal | Carthaginian commander |
| Veteran Infantry Line | Hannibal’s strongest and last-reserve troops |
| Scattered Cavalry | Shown broken, disorganized, fleeing |
| Movements | Indicating collapse or dispersal rather than tactical movement |
