This map depicts the initial deployment and opening movements of the Battle of the Hydaspes (326 BCE), showcasing the armies of Alexander (blue) and Porus (red) on the battlefield. It illustrates the classic Macedonian battle formation facing the formidable Indian line centered on war elephants.
Alexander’s Initial Deployment (Blue)
Alexander’s forces are deployed in their standard Macedonian order, heavily relying on the strength and mobility of the cavalry on the left flank.
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Left Flank: Composed of the Cavalry and the elite Companion Cavalry (led by Alexander, designated ‘A’), positioned for the crucial initial assault.
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Center: Features the heavy infantry units, the Hypaspists and the Phalanx, supported by the missile troops, the Agrianes Peltasts and Cretan Archers.
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Right Flank: Protected by the Residual Cavalry.
Porus’s Initial Deployment (Red)
Porus’s forces are arrayed to maximize the impact of his unique units, forming a daunting line of defense.
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Centerpiece: A continuous line of Elephants, which act as mobile fortresses, providing cover and psychological intimidation.
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Infantry: Positioned between and behind the elephants.
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Flanks: Protected by Cavalry and Chariots, arrayed on both the far left and far right flanks.
Opening Movement
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The key movement shown is the initial, feigned assault by Alexander’s cavalry (near ‘A’).
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A small detachment of Companion Cavalry breaks off, drawing the initial attention of Porus’s left flank cavalry and chariots (red dashed arrow), setting the stage for the main flanking maneuver.
