Matt Whittaker

Incorrect geographic knowledge and a misidentification by Columbus led to all Native Peoples being termed “Indians”. And this term would endure into modern times.

It’s no secret that Roman roads paved the path to empire. Of these, Via Appia became Rome’s earliest artery on that imperial path.

Al-Andalus, Muslim-ruled medieval Iberia, lasted seven centuries, rising through conquest, flourishing in a golden age, and ultimately falling in a dramatic shift that reshaped European history.

To the Phoenicians, the Mediterranean served as a highway. Their colonies dotted the map, with the following critical cities being anchors in their economic empire.

Whether a skirmish, siege, or battle, the medieval era is known for numerous famous battles. Yet, some battles, like these five, marked pivotal turning points in history.

Native American history reaches back at least 15,000 years ago, when hunter-gatherers crossed an Arctic land bridge from Siberia to Alaska.

Colonization began after 1492, placing the Americas on the map. Yet this caused the death of 90% of Native Americans in 500 years.

Cavalry, armored and using superior mobility, dominated the medieval battlefield. That is, until archers with powerful bows and better military tactics won key battles, demonstrating otherwise.