Robert De Graaff

During the European Middle Ages, three main types of architecture dominated monumental construction: the Pre-Romanesque, Romanesque, and Gothic phases.

A brief guide to Greek sculpture and statuary during the Hellenistic period, which was the culmination of centuries of artistic experimentation and evolution.

Statuary and art evolved significantly over the centuries of Greek civilization. This is an introductory guide to Greek sculpture during the Archaic period (c. 700-500 BCE).

The Knights Hospitallers were a militant holy order that tended to the sick and protected pilgrims as they traveled in the Holy Land.

With no indoor plumbing for toilets, let alone running water for showers, hygiene and bathing were very different affairs during the Middle Ages.

The Medieval period was a time of constant innovation, with a wide array of weapons and armor developed to give warriors an edge on the battlefield.

Although pitched battles were relatively rare in the Middle Ages, they could be very decisive. What would have happened on the medieval battlefield?

The medieval world is full of fascinating folklore populated by wondrous creatures, including sea monsters, demons, and dragons.