From empires to modern unions, explore European history's pivotal events that shaped a continent rich in heritage, culture, and global impact.
How did the Grand Tour, the 17th- and 18th-century trend among rich young men for traveling through Europe, change the way that authors in English wrote?
Who was King Ludwig II, who dwelled in fairytale castles, dreaming of scenes from Richard Wagner's operas?
With its southward slope, the Leaning Tower of Pisa is one of the most recognizable buildings in the world.
In 1494, King Charles VIII of France invaded Italy, setting in motion a conflict that would rage intermittently for 65 years.
What are the five most famous quotes by Elizabeth I, and when and why did she compose and speak them?
What did Oliver Cromwell do in Ireland that caused his name to be vilified over the centuries to the present day?
Operation Barbarossa was among the first major losses that Adolf Hitler suffered in World War II and was a major turning point in the war.
A man of significant ambition and cunning, Cesare Borgia left a legacy in Renaissance Italy that has fascinated scholars to this day.